The third question concerns whether or not computing machines can think. It is the fuzziest and most difficult to pose meaningfully. The first notable attempt was Alan Turing's simulation test which simplified the question into whether or not a computer could convince a human it was thinking. Many others have since attempted to pose or answer the question differently, but no satisfying definition of "thinking" has yet emerged. Many of the specific tests, like playing champion-level chess and understanding language, have been achieved by computers, but by throwing tremendous computing power and resources at the problem, not by anything most humans would consider real thought.
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